2. loop = The function loops consecutively, allowing your program to change and respond. Use it to actively control the Arduino board.
3. pinMode = Configures the specified pin to behave either as an input or an output.
4. digitalWrite = Write a HIGH or a LOW value to a digital pin.
5. delay = Pauses the program for the amount of time (in miliseconds) specified as parameter. (There are 1000 milliseconds in a second.)
6. AnalogReadSerial - Read a potentiometer, print its state out to the Arduino Serial Monitor.
7. BareMinimum - The bare minimum of code needed to start an Arduino sketch.
8. DigitalReadSerial - Read a switch, print the state out to the Arduino Serial Monitor.
9. Fade - Demonstrates the use of analog output to fade an LED.
10. ReadAnalogVoltage = Reads an analog input and prints the voltage to the serial monitor.
11. map = Re-maps a number from one range to another. That is, a value of fromLow would get mapped to toLow, a value of fromHigh to toHigh, values in-between to values in-between, etc.
12. analogRead = Reads the value from the specified analog pin.
13. analogWrite = Writes an analog value (PWM wave) to a pin. Can be used to light a LED at varying brightnesses or drive a motor at various speeds.
14. serial = Used for communication between the Arduino board and a computer or other devices
15. AnalogWriteMega - Fade 12 LEDs on and off, one by one, using an Arduino or Genuino Mega board.
16. Calibration - Define a maximum and minimum for expected analog sensor values.
17. Fading - Use an analog output (PWM pin) to fade an LED.
18. Fading - Use an analog output (PWM pin) to fade an LED.
19. int = Integers are your primary data-type for number storage.
20. for statements = The for statement is used to repeat a block of statements enclosed in curly braces.
21. PWM = Pulse Width Modulation, or PWM, is a technique for getting analog results with digital means.
22. Blink - Turn an LED on and off.
23. BlinkWithoutDelay - Blink an LED without using the delay() function.
24. Debounce - Read a pushbutton, filtering noise.
25. DigitalInputPullup - Demonstrates the use of INPUT_PULLUP with pinMode().
26. StateChangeDetection - Count the number of button pushes.
27. toneKeyboard - A three-key musical keyboard using force sensors and a piezo speaker.
28. toneMelody - Play a melody with a Piezo speaker.
29. toneMultiple - Play tones on multiple speakers sequentially using the tone() command.
30. tonePitchFollower - Play a pitch on a piezo speaker depending on an analog input.